Class 10
Syllabus for class 10 :-
English:
First Flight:
A Letter to God: The story revolves around the theme of faith and human nature.
Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom: An excerpt from Mandela’s autobiography that narrates his struggle against apartheid and his journey as a leader.
Two Stories about Flying: This chapter includes two stories, “His First Flight” and “Black Aeroplane,” both of which highlight different aspects of flying.
From the Diary of Anne Frank: This is an excerpt from Anne Frank’s diary, reflecting the fear and challenges faced by Jews during World War II.
The Hundred Dresses – I: This story delves into themes of bullying and empathy.
The Hundred Dresses – II: The continuation of the previous story, exploring the consequences of bullying and the nature of human remorse.
Glimpses of India: This chapter includes three travelogues by eminent writers, each depicting a different facet of India.
Mijbil the Otter: This is an excerpt from the book ‘Rukiya Ahmed’, where the author recounts his experience of adopting and raising an otter.
Madam Rides the Bus: This story reflects on the simple joys of life and the importance of embracing one’s identity.
Footprints Without Feet:
A Triumph of Surgery: A fictional account of a doctor’s encounter with a patient who undergoes a groundbreaking surgery.
The Thief’s Story: This story revolves around the life of a young boy who takes to stealing to support his family.
The Midnight Visitor: This is a suspenseful story about a man who believes he is being followed and seeks refuge in the house of a stranger.
A Question of Trust: The story revolves around a mysterious incident involving a missing watch and a seemingly innocent maid.
Footprints Without Feet: An adaptation of H.G. Wells’ short story ‘The Invisible Man,’ focusing on the story of a scientist who turns himself invisible but struggles to reverse the process.
Literature Reader: This section includes various poems and prose pieces from different authors, focusing on themes like nature, human emotions, social issues, etc. Some of the authors include William Wordsworth, Rabindranath Tagore, R.K. Narayan, and Robert Frost, among others.
Hindi:
Kshitij:
Kabeer Ki Sakhiyan: This chapter features the works of Kabir, a saint and poet who wrote in the Bhakti tradition, focusing on themes like spirituality and social issues.
Meera: The chapter includes verses by Meera Bai, a 16th-century saint who was devoted to Lord Krishna.
Bihari Satsai: This section includes verses from the Bihari Satsai, a collection of poems by the 17th-century poet Bihari.
Tulsidas: The chapter presents the works of Tulsidas, a saint-poet who is best known for his epic poem ‘Ramcharitmanas.’
Kritika:
Mala De Manke: This chapter includes the story of a young girl named Mala, her aspirations, and her journey of self-discovery.
Sapno Ke Se Din: The story revolves around the life of a young boy who dreams of becoming a pilot.
Yah Dandurit Muskan: The chapter features a conversation between a teacher and a student about the importance of hard work and perseverance.
Mai Se Meena Se Na Saqi Se: A conversation between two friends about their dreams and aspirations.
Sparsh:
Saakhi: This chapter features the works of famous poets like Kabir, Meera, and Raskhan, focusing on themes like spirituality, devotion, and social issues.
Mitti Ka Gol: The chapter includes stories and poems about rural life, agriculture, and nature.
Aasan: This section focuses on stories and poems about social issues, relationships, and human emotions.
Meera: The chapter presents the works of Meera Bai, a 16th-century saint who was devoted to Lord Krishna.
Sanchayan:
Gillu: The story revolves around the friendship between a boy named Gillu and a squirrel.
Smarak: The chapter includes stories about courage, bravery, and sacrifice.
Diary Ka Ek Panna: This section includes diary entries that reflect the thoughts, emotions, and experiences of different characters.
Mathematics: Chapters cover topics like :-
Real Numbers: This chapter discusses rational and irrational numbers, properties of real numbers, and their representation on a number line.
Polynomials: Topics include the types of polynomials, degree of a polynomial, the relationship between zeros and coefficients, and division of polynomials.
Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables: This chapter introduces linear equations in two variables, graphical representation of lines, and the methods of solving simultaneous linear equations.
Quadratic Equations: Students learn to solve quadratic equations using various methods including factorization, completing the square, and using the quadratic formula.
Arithmetic Progressions: The chapter covers the basics of arithmetic progressions, finding the nth term of an AP, and the sum of ‘n’ terms.
Triangles: Topics include the types of triangles, congruence of triangles, properties of triangles, and theorems related to areas of triangles.
Coordinate Geometry: This chapter deals with coordinate systems, distance formula, section formula, and the area of triangles using coordinates.
Introduction to Trigonometry: Students are introduced to trigonometric ratios, trigonometric identities, and applications of trigonometry in solving problems.
Some Applications of Trigonometry: The chapter discusses the heights and distances problems, solving problems related to angle of elevation and depression.
Circles: Students learn about different terms related to circles, theorems on angles subtended by chords, cyclic quadrilaterals, and tangents to a circle.
Constructions: This chapter covers the construction of triangles, construction of a triangle when its base, sum of other two sides, and one base angle is given.
Areas Related to Circles: Topics include areas of a sector, segment of a circle, areas of combinations of plane figures.
Surface Areas and Volumes: This chapter introduces the surface areas and volumes of different solids like cones, cylinders, spheres, and hemispheres.
Statistics: This chapter teaches the basics of statistics including the presentation of data in tabular form, graphical representation, and measures of central tendency.
Probability: Students learn about the basic concepts of probability and the various approaches to probability.
Science:
Chemical Reactions and Equations:
Chemical Equations: This section introduces students to chemical equations and explains how they represent chemical reactions.
Types of Chemical Reactions: Students learn about the different types of chemical reactions, such as combination, decomposition, displacement, and double displacement reactions.
Balancing of Chemical Reactions: This topic covers the process of balancing chemical equations using the law of conservation of mass.
Acids, Bases, and Salts:
Introduction to Acids and Bases: The chapter introduces the concepts of acids and bases, their properties, and the pH scale.
Types of Reactions: Neutralization: Students learn about the neutralization reaction, which occurs when an acid and a base react to form salt and water.
Effects of Acid Rain: This topic discusses the harmful effects of acid rain on the environment and living organisms.
Metals and Non-metals:
Properties of Metals and Non-metals: Students learn about the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals.
Chemical Properties of Metals: This section covers the reactions of metals with acids, water, and oxygen.
Corrosion: Students learn about the process of corrosion, its causes, and methods to prevent it.
Carbon and Its Compounds:
Introduction to Carbon Compounds: The chapter introduces the concept of carbon compounds and their importance in daily life.
Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds: This section covers the chemical properties of carbon compounds, such as combustion, oxidation, and reduction.
Fuels: Students learn about different types of fuels, their sources, and their uses.
Periodic Classification of Elements:
The Periodic Table: Students learn about the arrangement of elements in the periodic table and the properties of elements in a period and a group.
Trends in the Modern Periodic Table: This section discusses the trends in atomic size, valency, and metallic character in the modern periodic table.
Life Processes:
Nutrition in Plants and Animals: This topic covers the modes of nutrition in plants and animals.
Respiration in Plants and Animals: Students learn about the process of respiration in plants and animals, including the mechanism of breathing and the exchange of gases.
Transportation in Plants and Animals: This section discusses the transportation of water, nutrients, and gases in plants and animals.
Control and Coordination:
Nervous System: This topic introduces students to the nervous system and its components.
Endocrine System: Students learn about the endocrine system and the hormones produced by different glands.
Human Brain: This section covers the structure and functions of the human brain.
How Do Organisms Reproduce?:
Asexual Reproduction: Students learn about different types of asexual reproduction, such as binary fission, budding, and fragmentation.
Sexual Reproduction: This topic covers the process of sexual reproduction in plants and animals.
Heredity and Evolution:
Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance: This section discusses Mendel’s laws of inheritance and their applications.
Evolution: Students learn about the process of evolution and the evidence supporting the theory of evolution.
Our Environment:
Ecosystem: The chapter covers the components of an ecosystem, the flow of energy, and the cycling of materials in an ecosystem.
Environmental Issues: This section discusses various environmental issues, such as pollution, deforestation, and depletion of natural resources.
Management of Natural Resources:
Conservation of Natural Resources: Students learn about the conservation of natural resources, such as forests, wildlife, and water resources.
Sustainable Management of Resources: This section discusses the concept of sustainable development and the need for sustainable management of resources.
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Social Science:
History:
The Rise of Nationalism in Europe: This chapter discusses the various factors that led to the rise of nationalism in Europe during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Nationalism in India: The chapter focuses on the nationalist movement in India and the contributions of various leaders.
The Making of a Global World: Students learn about the impact of globalization on different aspects of society and the economy.
The Age of Industrialization: This chapter covers the process of industrialization in Europe and its impact on society.
Print Culture and the Modern World: The chapter discusses the role of print culture in shaping modern societies.
Geography:
Resources and Development: This chapter introduces students to different types of resources and their distribution.
Water Resources: The chapter covers the distribution and management of water resources, including rivers, lakes, and groundwater.
Agriculture: This chapter discusses different types of agriculture, agricultural practices, and the challenges faced by the agricultural sector.
Minerals and Energy Resources: Students learn about different types of minerals and energy resources, their distribution, and their uses.
Manufacturing Industries: The chapter covers different types of manufacturing industries and their contribution to the economy.
Political Science:
Power Sharing: This chapter discusses different forms of power sharing in democracies and its importance.
Federalism: The chapter covers the concept of federalism, its features, and the working of federalism in India.
Democracy and Diversity: Students learn about the relationship between democracy and diversity and the challenges faced by diverse societies.
Gender, Religion, and Caste: This chapter discusses the social and political aspects of gender, religion, and caste.
Popular Struggles and Movements: The chapter covers different forms of popular struggles and movements in India and their impact.
Economics:
Development: This chapter discusses the concept of development, its indicators, and the need for sustainable development.
Sector of Indian Economy: The chapter covers different sectors of the Indian economy, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors.
Money and Credit: This chapter discusses the functions of money, the role of banks, and the concept of credit.
Globalization and the Indian Economy: Students learn about the impact of globalization on the Indian economy and society.
Consumer Rights: The chapter discusses the rights of consumers and the role of the government in protecting consumer rights.
Computer Applications:
Getting Started with Python:
- This chapter introduces students to the Python programming language.
- Topics covered include installing Python, using the IDLE interface, and basic programming concepts like variables, data types, and operators.
Python Fundamentals:
- This chapter builds on the basics learned in the previous chapter.
- Topics covered include input/output functions, conditional statements, loops, and functions.
Data Handling:
- This chapter focuses on working with data.
- Topics covered include lists, tuples, dictionaries, and file handling in Python.
Conditional and Iterative Statements:
- This chapter focuses on the concepts of conditional and iterative statements in Python.
- Topics covered include if-else statements, for loops, while loops, and nested loops.
String Manipulation:
- This chapter focuses on working with strings in Python.
- Topics covered include string operations, slicing, string methods, and string formatting.
Lists:
- This chapter focuses on working with lists in Python.
- Topics covered include list methods, list comprehension, and 2D lists.
Tuples:
- This chapter focuses on working with tuples in Python.
- Topics covered include tuple methods and tuple unpacking.
Dictionaries:
- This chapter focuses on working with dictionaries in Python.
- Topics covered include dictionary methods, dictionary comprehension, and nested dictionaries.
Introduction to Python Libraries:
- This chapter introduces students to Python libraries like random, math, and time.
- Topics covered include generating random numbers, performing mathematical operations, and working with timestamps.
Linear Search and Binary Search:
- This chapter covers the concepts of linear search and binary search.
- Topics covered include searching algorithms, their implementations, and their complexities.
Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, and Insertion Sort:
- This chapter covers the concepts of sorting algorithms like bubble sort, selection sort, and insertion sort.
- Topics covered include sorting algorithms, their implementations, and their complexities.
Introduction to SQL:
- This chapter introduces students to Structured Query Language (SQL).
- Topics covered include SQL syntax, creating databases and tables, inserting, updating, and deleting data, and querying data using SELECT statements.
Physical Education:
Physical Fitness, Wellness, and Lifestyle:
- This chapter focuses on physical fitness, wellness, and lifestyle.
- Topics covered include the concept of health, components of physical fitness, and the importance of a balanced diet and exercise.
Physical Education and Sports for CWSN:
- This chapter focuses on physical education and sports for children with special needs (CWSN).
- Topics covered include inclusive education, adapting physical activities for children with special needs, and the importance of physical education for their overall development.
Yoga for Holistic Health:
- This chapter focuses on yoga for holistic health.
- Topics covered include the benefits of yoga for physical and mental health, different yoga asanas, and their effects on the body.
Physical Education and Sports in School and Community:
- This chapter focuses on physical education and sports in schools and communities.
- Topics covered include the importance of physical education in schools, the role of sports in building communities, and the promotion of sports at the local level.
Leadership and Sportsmanship:
- This chapter focuses on leadership and sportsmanship.
- Topics covered include the qualities of a good leader, the importance of teamwork, and the principles of sportsmanship.
Physical Education and Sports for Differently-abled:
- This chapter focuses on physical education and sports for differently-abled individuals.
- Topics covered include the challenges faced by differently-abled individuals in participating in physical activities, the benefits of physical education for their overall development, and the need for inclusive sports programs.
Children and Sports:
- This chapter focuses on children and sports.
- Topics covered include the importance of sports for children’s physical and mental development, the role of parents and teachers in encouraging children to participate in sports, and the benefits of sports for children’s overall well-being.
Home Science:
Concepts of Home Science:
- This chapter introduces students to the basic concepts of home science.
- Topics covered include the scope and importance of home science, the role of home science in improving the quality of life, and the different areas of study in home science.
Human Development and Family Life:
- This chapter focuses on human development and family life.
- Topics covered include the stages of human development, the factors that influence human development, and the importance of family life in human development.
Family Resources Management:
- This chapter focuses on managing family resources.
- Topics covered include the different types of family resources, the importance of managing family resources efficiently, and the factors that affect the management of family resources.
Nutrition for the Family:
- This chapter focuses on nutrition for the family.
- Topics covered include the importance of nutrition, the different nutrients needed by the body, and the role of nutrition in maintaining good health.
Fabric Care and Maintenance:
- This chapter focuses on fabric care and maintenance.
- Topics covered include the different types of fabrics, the factors that affect fabric care and maintenance, and the methods of caring for different types of fabrics.
Community Development:
- This chapter focuses on community development.
- Topics covered include the concept of community development, the role of individuals and groups in community development, and the different approaches to community development.
Drawing and Painting:
Pencil Shading:
- This chapter introduces students to the technique of pencil shading.
- Topics covered include the different types of shading techniques, the importance of light and shadow in shading, and the use of shading to create depth and dimension in drawings.
Still Life Composition:
- This chapter focuses on still life composition.
- Topics covered include the elements of still life composition, the importance of arrangement and composition in still life drawings, and the use of different materials and objects in still life compositions.
Portrait Drawing:
- This chapter focuses on portrait drawing.
- Topics covered include the different types of portraits, the importance of proportions and features in portrait drawing, and the use of different techniques and materials in portrait drawing.
Landscape Drawing:
- This chapter focuses on landscape drawing.
- Topics covered include the different elements of landscape drawing, the importance of perspective and composition in landscape drawing, and the use of different techniques and materials in landscape drawing.
Watercolor Painting:
- This chapter focuses on watercolor painting.
- Topics covered include the different techniques of watercolor painting, the importance of color mixing and blending in watercolor painting, and the use of different materials and surfaces in watercolor painting.
Acrylic Painting:
- This chapter focuses on acrylic painting.
- Topics covered include the different techniques of acrylic painting, the importance of layering and texture in acrylic painting, and the use of different materials and surfaces in acrylic painting.